The Dangers of ESD

What comes to mind when you think of summer? If it has anything to do with swimming, then there's something you should know before you or someone you love jumps in. Perhaps you've heard reports of people being electrocuted while swimming in a lake? Did you know it can happen in swimming pools and hot tubs too? The phenomenon is called electric shock drowning (ESD) and it can happen to anyone.

Where Can it Happen?
ESD can occur anywhere there’s improperly installed or maintained electrical systems. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has stated there is a potential for electrical hazards in swimming pools, hot tubs, onboard boats, on docks and piers, and in waters surrounding boats, marinas and launch ramps. 

What Causes It?
ESD is caused by electricity leaking into the water around it. A person in the electrified water can experience anything from a mild tingling to a shock that passes through the body with enough force to cause muscular paralysis, causing the person to drown.

What Can You Do to Prevent It?
Swimmers - Don't swim near a marina, dock or boatyard. When swimming in a pool or hot tub, look for malfunctioning lights. If you feel a tingling sensation, swim away from it, get out of the water and don't use metal ladders or rails. Alert others not to go into the water.

• Pool Owners - Have wiring installed, maintained and inspected by a professional electrician who is qualified and experienced in special safety requirements. Ensure proper clearance over the pool from electrical lines. Know how to turn off all power in case of an emergency.
• Boat Owners - Don't enter the water when launching/loading a boat. Have the electrical system inspected annually by a qualified marine electrician who is familiar with the safety standards of the American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC). You may also have them install an equipment leakage circuit interrupter (ELCI) on your boat or on the shore power cord or use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) in the shore power cord. Have the electrician explain how to use this equipment, and make sure you test it every time you take your boat out.

There's no way to tell if the water you're getting ready to jump into is electrified just by looking at it, and most people don't know they should check it or even how to check it. If you see someone in the water who needs help, follow the U.S. Army's advice: reach, throw, row—but don't go. One of the most important things you can do is to educate yourself and others about ESD, especially children. Make sure they know why they shouldn't just jump right in the water. Doing so may save lives!